變(bian)頻器調試需要注意的四個基本步驟：

一(yi)、變頻器的空(kong)載通電檢驗(yan)

? ?1.將變頻器的接地(di)端子接地(di)。

? ? 2.將變頻器的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸入端子經過漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護開關接到電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上。

? ? 3.檢查(cha)變頻器顯(xian)示窗的出廠顯(xian)示是(shi)否正(zheng)常，如果不正(zheng)確應改復(fu)位操作試(shi)試(shi)，如果還(huan)是(shi)不正(zheng)確就應該要求(qiu)退換。

? ? 4.熟悉(xi)變頻器的操作鍵(jian)。如圖

? ? ?? 一般的(de)變頻(pin)器(qi)都有運(yun)行(RUN)、停(ting)止(STOP)、編程(PROG)、數(shu)據/確認(DATA/ENTER)、增加(UP、▲)、減(jian)少(DOWN、▼)等(deng)6個鍵，不同變頻(pin)器(qi)操作鍵的(de)定義基本都是(shi)相(xiang)同的(de)。此外有的(de)變頻(pin)器(qi)還有監視(MONTTOR/DISPLAY)、復(fu)位(wei)(RESET)、寸動(JOG)、移位(wei)(SHIFT)等(deng)功(gong)能鍵。

二、變(bian)頻器帶電機空載運(yun)行

? ? ? ?1.設置電機的(de)功(gong)率、極數，要(yao)綜合考慮(lv)變頻器(qi)的(de)工(gong)作電流。

　　2.設定變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大輸出頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)、基頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、設置(zhi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)特(te)性(xing)。V/f類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇包括最(zui)(zui)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)、基本頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)類型(xing)等項目。最(zui)(zui)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)是(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)—電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)，由于變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)可(ke)能(neng)較高(gao)，當電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)容許的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)低于變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)時(shi)，應按電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)及其負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)設定。基本頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)是(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)對(dui)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)恒功率(lv)控(kong)(kong)制和恒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)分界線(xian)，應按電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定電(dian)壓進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)設定。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)類型(xing)指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)是(shi)恒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)還(huan)是(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)。用(yong)戶(hu)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)使用(yong)說(shuo)明書中的(de)(de)(de)(de)V/f類型(xing)圖和負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)特(te)點，選(xuan)擇其中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種類型(xing)。通用(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)均備有多(duo)條V/f曲(qu)線(xian)供(gong)用(yong)戶(hu)選(xuan)擇，用(yong)戶(hu)在(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)應根(gen)(gen)據(ju)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質選(xuan)擇合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)V/f曲(qu)線(xian)。如果是(shi)風機(ji)(ji)(ji)和泵類負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)，要(yao)(yao)將變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)代碼設置(zhi)成變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)和降轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)特(te)性(xing)。為了(le)改(gai)善變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低速性(xing)能(neng)，使電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)能(neng)滿足生產負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，要(yao)(yao)調整啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)。在(zai)異步電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)調速系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制較復雜。在(zai)低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)段，由于電(dian)阻、漏電(dian)抗的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響不容忽略，若仍保(bao)持V/f為常(chang)數，則磁通將減(jian)小，進(jin)(jin)而減(jian)小了(le)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)。為此(ci)，在(zai)低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)段要(yao)(yao)對(dui)電(dian)壓進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)適當補償以(yi)(yi)提(ti)升(sheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)。一般變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)均由用(yong)戶(hu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人工設定補償。

　　3.將變頻器設(she)置為自帶(dai)的鍵(jian)盤操(cao)作模式，按運(yun)行(xing)鍵(jian)、停止鍵(jian)，觀察電機是(shi)否能正(zheng)常地(di)啟動、停止。

　　4.熟悉變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)行發生故障時(shi)的(de)(de)保護(hu)代碼，觀察(cha)熱(re)(re)(re)保護(hu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)出(chu)廠值(zhi)，觀察(cha)過(guo)載保護(hu)的(de)(de)設定值(zhi)，需(xu)要時(shi)可(ke)以修改。變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用人員可(ke)以按變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用說(shuo)明(ming)書對變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)熱(re)(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)功能(neng)進(jin)行設定。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)熱(re)(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)門(men)限(xian)值(zhi)定義為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機和變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩者的(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)比值(zhi)，通常用百分數表示。當(dang)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過(guo)其容許電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)將切斷變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)。因此，變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)熱(re)(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)門(men)限(xian)最大(da)值(zhi)不超過(guo)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)最大(da)容許輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

三、帶載試(shi)運行

? ? ? ?1.手(shou)動操(cao)作變(bian)頻器面板的運行停止鍵，觀察電機(ji)運行停止過程及變(bian)頻器的顯示窗，看是否(fou)有(you)異常現(xian)象(xiang)。

　　2.如果(guo)啟動(dong).停(ting)止電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)出(chu)現過(guo)流(liu)保護動(dong)作(zuo)，應重新設定(ding)(ding)加(jia)速(su)、減速(su)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在加(jia)、減速(su)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)速(su)度取決于加(jia)速(su)轉(zhuan)矩，而(er)變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)在啟、制(zhi)動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)化率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)用戶設定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。若電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)動(dong)慣量或(huo)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)負載(zai)變(bian)(bian)化，按預(yu)先(xian)設定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)化率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)升速(su)或(huo)減速(su)時(shi)(shi)，有可能出(chu)現加(jia)速(su)轉(zhuan)矩不夠，從而(er)造成電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)失(shi)速(su)，即電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)與變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)不協調，從而(er)造成過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或(huo)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓。因此，需要根據電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)動(dong)慣量和(he)負載(zai)合理設定(ding)(ding)加(jia)、減速(su)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，使(shi)變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)化率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)能與電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)變(bian)(bian)化率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)相協調。檢查此項設定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法是(shi)先(xian)按經(jing)驗選(xuan)定(ding)(ding)加(jia)、減速(su)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)進(jin)行設定(ding)(ding)，若在啟動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)出(chu)現過(guo)流(liu)，則可適當延長(chang)加(jia)速(su)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian);若在制(zhi)動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)出(chu)現過(guo)流(liu)，則適當延長(chang)減速(su)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。另一方面，加(jia)、減速(su)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不宜設定(ding)(ding)太長(chang)，時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)太長(chang)將影響生產效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，特(te)別是(shi)頻繁啟、制(zhi)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)。

　 ? 3.如果變頻(pin)器在(zai)限定的(de)時(shi)間內仍然保護，應改變啟動/停止(zhi)(zhi)的(de)運(yun)行曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)，從直線(xian)(xian)改為S形(xing)、U形(xing)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)反(fan)S形(xing)、反(fan)U形(xing)線(xian)(xian)。電機負(fu)載(zai)慣(guan)性較大時(shi)，應該(gai)采用(yong)更長的(de)啟動停止(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)間，并(bing)且(qie)根(gen)據其負(fu)載(zai)特性設置運(yun)行曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)類型。

　 ??4.如(ru)果(guo)變頻器仍然存在運行故障，應嘗試增加最大電(dian)流的保護(hu)(hu)值，但是不(bu)能取消保護(hu)(hu)，應留有至少10%-20%的保護(hu)(hu)余量(liang)。

? ?? ? 5.如果變頻器運行(xing)故障還是(shi)發生(sheng)，應更(geng)換更(geng)大一(yi)級功率的變頻器。

? ? 6.如果變頻(pin)器帶動電機在啟(qi)動過程(cheng)中達不(bu)到預設速度，可能有兩種情況：

? ? ? ? (1)系統發生機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)共振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)從電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)的聲音進(jin)行判斷(duan)。采用(yong)設置頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)跳躍值的方法，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)避開共振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)點(dian)。一般變頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)能設定(ding)三級跳躍點(dian)。V/f控制的變頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)驅動異步電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)時(shi)，在(zai)某些頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)段(duan)(duan)，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的電(dian)(dian)流、轉(zhuan)速(su)會發生振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)蕩，嚴(yan)重時(shi)系統無法運(yun)行，甚至在(zai)加(jia)速(su)過(guo)程中(zhong)出現(xian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)使得電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)不能正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)啟動，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)輕載或(huo)轉(zhuan)動慣量較小時(shi)更為嚴(yan)重。普通(tong)變頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)均備有頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)跨跳功(gong)能，用(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)以(yi)根據系統出現(xian)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)蕩的頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)點(dian)，在(zai)V/f曲線上設置跨跳點(dian)及跨跳寬度。當電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)加(jia)速(su)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)自(zi)動跳過(guo)這些頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)段(duan)(duan)，保證系統能夠正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)運(yun)行。

　　(2)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉矩(ju)輸(shu)出能力(li)(li)不(bu)夠，不(bu)同品(pin)牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變頻器出廠參(can)數設置不(bu)同，在相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下，帶載(zai)(zai)能力(li)(li)不(bu)同，也可(ke)能因變頻器控(kong)(kong)制方法(fa)不(bu)同，造(zao)成電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶載(zai)(zai)能力(li)(li)不(bu)同;或因系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出效率(lv)不(bu)同，造(zao)成帶載(zai)(zai)能力(li)(li)會(hui)有所差異。對(dui)于這(zhe)種情(qing)況(kuang)，可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加轉矩(ju)提升(sheng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)。如(ru)果達(da)不(bu)到，可(ke)用(yong)手動轉矩(ju)提升(sheng)功能，不(bu)要(yao)設定過大，電(dian)機(ji)這(zhe)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫升(sheng)會(hui)增(zeng)加。如(ru)果仍(reng)然(ran)不(bu)行(xing)，應改(gai)用(yong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制方法(fa)，比如(ru)日立變頻器采用(yong)V/f比值(zhi)恒定的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，啟(qi)動達(da)不(bu)到要(yao)求時，改(gai)用(yong)無速(su)度傳(chuan)感(gan)器空間矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制方法(fa)，它具(ju)有更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉矩(ju)輸(shu)出能力(li)(li)。對(dui)于風機(ji)和(he)泵(beng)類(lei)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，應減少降轉矩(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)曲(qu)線值(zhi)。

四、變頻器與上位機相連進行系統調試

? ? ? ?在(zai)手動的基本設定完成后，如果系統中有(you)上(shang)位(wei)機(ji)，將(jiang)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的控制(zhi)線直接與上(shang)位(wei)機(ji)控制(zhi)線相連，并將(jiang)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的操(cao)作(zuo)模式改為(wei)端(duan)子(zi)控制(zhi)。根(gen)據上(shang)位(wei)機(ji)系統的需(xu)要，調定變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)接收(shou)頻(pin)率信(xin)(xin)號端(duan)子(zi)的量程0-5V或(huo)0-10V，以及變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)對模擬頻(pin)率信(xin)(xin)號采樣的響應速度。如果需(xu)要另外的監視(shi)表頭(tou)，應選擇(ze)模擬輸出的監視(shi)量，并調整(zheng)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)輸出監視(shi)量端(duan)子(zi)的量程。